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Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with morality and how it shapes behavior. Different branches of the report of ethics wait at where our views of morality come from and how they shape our everyday lives. There are 4 major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. Each one of these theories looks at our ethical behavior in different ways.

Deontology

The theory of deontology states that when nosotros have to make ethical decisions, our commencement thoughts are on our duties and obligations. According to this theory, what we believe our duties are will bulldoze how we act in different situations. For example, nosotros may brand a decision based on following the law or based on our loyalty toward friends or family members.A

The biggest hole in the theory of deontology is that there's no standard for what a person's duties and obligations are. Philosophers who don't agree with this theory believe that anybody's duties are dissimilar, and so there'southward no mode to know what drives a person to make a particular decision.

U tilitarianism

According to the theory of utilitarianism, people choose their actions based on how their decisions will benefit the most people. Yous brand a decision that will be best for everyone involved. There are 2 sides to this theory. Act utilitarianism says yous will make decisions based on helping others, while rule utilitarianism says you lot volition act out of fairness.

Those who don't concur with this theory believe that nobody can predict outcomes, and so we can't know what the benefits of our deportment will exist. Comparison consequences tin exist hard, so some philosophers say that we can't truly brand utilitarian decisions.

R ights

The rights theory of ethics says that people brand decisions based on the rights that their society agrees to. What the majority of people in that order believes is important will drive decisions. For instance, the rights we Americans accept in our Constitution should be factors in our decision-making co-ordinate to this theory. Our rights, such every bit liberty of spoken language and freedom of religion, should assist u.s.a. determine how to behave.

People who don't hold with this theory believe that a society'south rights are too complicated to effigy out. They say it'southward likewise hard to tell what nearly people recall is important to the whole guild, so it'due south a messy thought to base decisions on. Societies that don't have written laws like our Constitution brand this theory less conceivable, according to some philosophers.

V irtue

The upstanding theory of virtue states that nosotros tin can approximate a person's decisions based on his or her character and morality. The manner someone lives his or her life can explain whatever ethical decision according to this theory. For example, a person who lies and cheats to get ahead in life probably makes decisions based on advancing his or her own interests according to the virtue theory.

The biggest hole in this theory is that people can alter their moral character, and the theory doesn't accept changes in morality into account. The virtue theory puts people in boxes based on their reputations at one indicate in fourth dimension.

C onsequential Ethics

These iv theories fall into one of two categories. The first one, consequential ethics, states that outcomes make up one's mind ethical decisions. Therefore, the consequence of a situation makes that decision OK. For example, it'southward ethical for you to tell a white lie if it achieves what you need or desire it to.

The theory of utilitarianism falls into this category considering the benefit of decisions is the biggest factor. The virtue theory can fit into consequential ethics because a person'southward reputation tin can exist based on the consequences of his or her decisions.

Due north onconsequential Ideals

Nonconsequential ethics is the other side of the coin to consequential ethics. It says that people base of operations their decisions not on the result but on the values and beliefs that they hold deeply. In nonconsequential ideals, yous'll decide on a situation based on what you believe rather than what may happen. For example, you won't prevarication in a situation if you believe that honesty is important.

The theory of deontology falls under this type of ethics because people make decisions based on their duty to those around them. Besides, the rights theory belongs in this category because the rights that society holds dear are important over any other factor. Virtue could as well fit here because people of high moral grapheme can decide based on their values.

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Source: https://www.reference.com/world-view/four-major-ethical-theories-fe06344fe488fa54?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740005%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex

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